What is the Rule of Law?
Rule of law denotes a concrete system of self-government grounded in a stable and accessible legal process. It features a system based on clear, objective and publicly disclosed laws; and a diverse, competent and independent legal profession. Effectively the ideal ensures that the government exercises its authority in accordance with a legal framework that assures individual liberty and national development.
Elements of Rule of Law
The World Justice Project has developed a working definition of rule of law based on four universal principles:
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Government officials and agents must be accountable under the law;
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Laws are clear, publicised, stable and fair, and protect fundamental rights, including the security of persons and property;
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The process by which laws are enacted, administered and enforced is accessible, fair and efficient;
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Access to justice is provided by competent, independent, and ethical adjudicators, attorneys, or representatives and judicial officers who are sufficient in number, have adequate resources, and reflect the makeup of the communities they serve.
The foundation of a democratic society
A breakdown in the rule of law, as often seen in developing or low and middle-income countries (LMIC), is usually characterised by an underdeveloped and ill-equipped police force, a fragmented and ineffective legal system, a lack of capacity and trust in the government and a deficient prison service. Development is impeded as economic growth becomes difficult to sustain. Property rights cannot be enforced and there is little incentive for foreign investment, as companies are generally hesitant to do business in insecure environments. Human security is also at risk in countries where violent crime is not prevented, prosecuted or corrected. Ultimately individuals are consigned to live in societies where access to justice, jobs, health or education is limited or impeded. Establishing and maintaining the rule of law is a fundamental imperative in promoting social and economic development. The rule of law is core to the foundation of a democratic society and it is how citizens protect their liberty in a society of equals.
Protection of Freedoms and Human Rights
Democratic countries aspire to respect the rule of law. Even in countries where basic freedoms are habitually ignored, there is room for hope. Increasingly, across countries formerly dictated by strife and discord, achieving justice under the law is possible. However, justice does not come easy, it is something to be worked into the political and social conscience through prolonged engagement. Institutions must be created or reformed and political will nurtured to guarantee progress toward fairness and parity and to protect human freedoms and fundamental rights.